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The proposed United Baltic Duchy,〔"...later an alternative proposal was advanced for a United Baltic Duchy under Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg" p. 48 (The Baltic States: The Years of Independence By Georg von Rauch ) ISBN 0-903-98300-1〕 also known as the Grand Duchy of Livonia,〔This "Landesrat" on 12 April 1918, decided to beg the King of Prussia and German Kaiser to accept the throne of the Grand Duchy of Livonia 〕 was a state proposed by the Baltic German nobility and exiled Russian nobility after the Russian revolution and German occupation of the Courland, Livonian, and Estonian governorates of the Russian Empire. The idea comprised the lands in Estonia and Latvia and included the creation of a Duchy of Courland and Semigallia and a Duchy of Estonia and Livonia that would be in personal union with the Crown of Prussia under the German Empire's occupied territory Ober Ost before the end of World War I covering the territories of the Medieval Livonia what are now Latvia and Estonia. ==Historical background== During World War I the German Imperial Army had occupied the Courland Governorate of the Russian Empire by the autumn of 1915. The front stabilised along the line Riga - Daugavpils - Baranovichi. Following the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia, the Russian Provisional Government declared the establishment of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia on , amalgamating the former Russian Governorate of Estonia and the northern portion of the Governorate of Livonia. After the October Revolution later in the same year, the elected Estonian Provincial Assembly declared itself the sovereign power in Estonia on 28 November 1917. On 24 February 1918, a day before the arrival of German troops, the Estonian Salvation Committee of the Provincial Assembly issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence. The Western Allies recognized the Republic of Estonia ''de facto'' in May 1918.〔(The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik By John Hiden )〕 The Latvian National Council was constituted on the basis of the law of self-government which the Russian Provisional Government granted to Latvia on 5 July 1917.〔 〕 The Latvian National Council was proclaimed on 16 November 1917. On 30 November 1917, the Council declared an autonomous Latvian province within ethnographic boundaries, and a formal independent Latvian republic was declared on 15 January 1918.〔 After the Russian Revolution, German troops had started advancing from Courland, and by the end of February 1918 the German military administered the territories of the former Russian Governorate of Livonia and of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia that had declared independence. With the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on 3 March 1918, Bolshevist Russia accepted the loss of the Courland Governorate, and by agreements concluded in Berlin on 27 August 1918, the loss of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia and the Governorate of Livonia.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United Baltic Duchy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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